What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Jakarta to Ghent one-way?

For one-way options, check prices for Etihad Airways. According to our data, you can fly for as low as Rp 5,736,106. Users have also found prices from Rp 5,784,856 and Rp 6,499,838 on IndiGo and Qatar Airways, respectively. Find deals

What is the cheapest day to fly from Jakarta to Ghent?

Travellers seeking maximum savings on their Jakarta to Ghent flight should consider departing on Saturday afternoons when fares are most often at their lowest. Saturday mornings flights should be avoided if possible as fares are typically the most expensive at this time. Find deals

What are the most popular airlines that fly from Jakarta to Ghent?

The most popular airlines flying from Jakarta to Ghent are Etihad Airways, Qatar Airways and Turkish Airlines. Something to consider prior to booking your flight.

What is the cheapest month to fly from Jakarta to Ghent?

The best pricing can be found in the month of October. Prices to Ghent from Jakarta average Rp 14,548,803. You can even find prices in October for less than Rp 14,548,803, as users have found deals to Ghent from as low as Rp 10,643,484. The month of March appears to be one of the more expensive times to travel to Ghent from Jakarta. Flying in the targeted month can save you up to 50%.

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from JKT to GH9?

When flying from Jakarta to Ghent, the time of day you decide to fly out makes little to no difference towards the overall price you’ll pay on tickets.

Can I find deals for flights from Jakarta to Ghent that include hotel bookings?

Yes. In addition to deals on Jakarta to Ghent flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.

How can I find direct flights from Jakarta to Ghent?

After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Jakarta to Ghent.

Can I find deals for business class flights from Jakarta to Ghent?

Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

Rp 5,736,106+ Flights from Jakarta, Indonesia to Ghent

Cheap flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent

Round-trip from	Rp 10,497,238
One-way from	Rp 5,736,106
Popular in	March
Cheapest in	October
Average price	Rp 15,388,365

Etihad Airways
20/6-20/7
2 total stops
46h 05m total
Jakarta to Ghent

Search Deals

Etihad Airways
16/6
1 total stop
17h 25m total
Jakarta to Ghent

Search Deals

Highest demand for flights based on searches. 8% potential increase in price (Rp 20,860,755,968 potential increase over avg. return price).

Search Deals

Cheapest flight prices on average. 4% potential price decrease (Rp 10,745,142,272 potential savings vs. average return price).

Search Deals

Average for round-trip flights in June 2025

Search Deals

Find flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent

Cheapest flights from Jakarta to Ghent
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Jakarta to Ghent. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 June 2025.

Thu 11/922.00CGK - BRU

1 stop38h 30mMultiple Airlines

Mon 29/906.10BRU - CGK

1 stop20h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,293,468

Tue 9/901.10CGK - BRU

1 stop18h 25mGaruda Indonesia

Tue 30/915.05BRU - CGK

1 stop37h 45mGaruda Indonesia

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,407,215

Wed 10/900.45CGK - BRU

1 stop35h 45mEtihad Airways

Mon 29/910.55BRU - CGK

1 stop17h 40mEtihad Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,618,460

Fri 10/1021.00CGK - BRU

1 stop21h 25mTurkish Airlines

Sun 26/1007.50BRU - CGK

1 stop28h 10mTurkish Airlines

Deal found 8/6Rp 11,683,458

Mon 8/918.35CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 50mQatar Airways

Tue 30/909.00BRU - CGK

1 stop17h 30mQatar Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,975,951

Thu 12/615.50CGK - BRU

2 stops47h 00mIndiGo

Mon 16/618.50BRU - CGK

2 stops39h 00mIndiGo

Deal found 9/6Rp 13,730,907

Thu 9/1019.30CGK - BRU

2 stops19h 10mKLM

Sun 26/1010.45BRU - CGK

2 stops25h 25mKLM

Deal found 8/6Rp 13,795,905

Wed 10/914.20CGK - BRU

1 stop22h 00mCathay Pacific

Sun 28/908.30BRU - CGK

2 stops23h 40mCathay Pacific

Deal found 9/6Rp 14,267,143

Tue 23/1219.05CGK - BRU

2 stops21h 45mAustrian Airlines

Thu 1/115.45BRU - CGK

2 stops20h 10mAustrian Airlines

Deal found 8/6Rp 14,445,889

Sat 13/900.45CGK - BRU

1 stop23h 35mEmirates

Thu 2/1015.20BRU - CGK

1 stop19h 20mEmirates

Deal found 9/6Rp 14,705,882

Fri 10/1019.20CGK - BRU

2 stops18h 30mSWISS

Sun 26/1020.10BRU - CGK

2 stops21h 15mSWISS

Deal found 9/6Rp 14,835,879

Wed 23/723.30CGK - BRU

2 stops37h 00mChina Eastern

Wed 30/715.05BRU - CGK

2 stops26h 25mChina Eastern

Deal found 8/6Rp 17,354,566

Best flights from Jakarta to Ghent
Discover carefully curated flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 10 June 2025.

Fri 20/619.05CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 25mEtihad Airways

Sun 20/710.55BRU - CGK

1 stop28h 40mEtihad Airways

Deal found 7/6Rp 10,497,238

Mon 14/721.00CGK - BRU

1 stop21h 25mTurkish Airlines

Mon 25/818.50BRU - CGK

1 stop17h 45mTurkish Airlines

Deal found 7/6Rp 11,260,968

Thu 11/922.00CGK - BRU

1 stop38h 30mMultiple Airlines

Mon 29/906.10BRU - CGK

1 stop20h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,293,468

Tue 9/901.10CGK - BRU

1 stop37h 30mGaruda Indonesia

Sun 28/915.05BRU - CGK

1 stop35h 50mGaruda Indonesia

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,407,215

Mon 14/719.30CGK - BRU

2 stops19h 10mKLM

Mon 25/806.10BRU - CGK

1 stop20h 45mKLM

Deal found 7/6Rp 11,683,458

Mon 8/918.35CGK - BRU

1 stop25h 05mQatar Airways

Thu 2/1009.00BRU - CGK

1 stop17h 30mQatar Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,975,951

Fri 10/1012.35CGK - BRU

2 stops24h 35mLufthansa

Sun 26/1019.30BRU - CGK

2 stops21h 55mLufthansa

Deal found 7/6Rp 13,470,913

Wed 10/914.20CGK - BRU

1 stop22h 00mCathay Pacific

Sun 28/908.30BRU - CGK

2 stops23h 40mCathay Pacific

Deal found 9/6Rp 14,267,143

Sat 13/917.40CGK - BRU

1 stop30h 40mEmirates

Wed 1/1021.45BRU - CGK

1 stop19h 35mEmirates

Deal found 9/6Rp 14,705,882

Fri 10/1019.20CGK - BRU

2 stops18h 30mSWISS

Sun 26/1020.10BRU - CGK

2 stops21h 15mSWISS

Deal found 9/6Rp 14,835,879

Wed 23/723.30CGK - BRU

2 stops37h 00mChina Eastern

Wed 30/715.05BRU - CGK

2 stops26h 25mChina Eastern

Deal found 8/6Rp 17,354,566

Sat 13/900.05CGK - BRU

2 stops38h 50mBritish Airways

Thu 2/1014.50BRU - CGK

2 stops27h 00mBritish Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 18,004,550

Last-minute flights from Jakarta to Ghent
Discover last-minute flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent. Data last updated 10 June 2025 and is based on user searches.

Mon 9/619.05CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 25mMultiple Airlines

Fri 13/616.10BRU - CGK

2 stops25h 30mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 8/6Rp 13,113,422

Mon 9/617.40CGK - BRU

1 stop30h 40mEmirates

Fri 13/621.45BRU - CGK

1 stop19h 35mEmirates

Deal found 8/6Rp 16,005,850

Mon 9/618.25CGK - BRU

2 stops30h 10mBritish Airways

Fri 13/619.35BRU - CGK

2 stops22h 30mBritish Airways

Deal found 8/6Rp 19,905,752

Thu 12/619.05CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 25mEtihad Airways

Mon 16/610.55BRU - CGK

1 stop28h 40mEtihad Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 12,414,690

Thu 12/615.50CGK - BRU

2 stops47h 00mIndiGo

Mon 16/618.50BRU - CGK

2 stops39h 00mIndiGo

Deal found 9/6Rp 13,730,907

Sun 15/600.45CGK - BRU

1 stop35h 45mMultiple Airlines

Sat 21/618.50BRU - CGK

2 stops39h 00mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 9/6Rp 13,503,412

Sun 15/600.45CGK - BRU

1 stop35h 45mEtihad Airways

Sat 21/610.55BRU - CGK

1 stop28h 40mEtihad Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 16,265,843

Mon 16/618.35CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 50mQatar Airways

Sat 21/609.00BRU - CGK

1 stop25h 00mQatar Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 13,828,404

Mon 16/619.20CGK - BRU

3 stops28h 10mSWISS

Sat 21/615.00BRU - CGK

3 stops26h 40mSWISS

Deal found 9/6Rp 39,291,516

Thu 19/600.45CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 35mEmirates

Sun 20/721.45BRU - CGK

1 stop36h 55mEmirates

Deal found 7/6Rp 18,329,542

Fri 20/614.30CGK - BRU

3 stops24h 20mKLM

Sun 20/715.05BRU - CGK

2 stops22h 10mKLM

Deal found 9/6Rp 54,208,644

Wed 23/723.30CGK - BRU

2 stops37h 00mChina Eastern

Wed 30/715.05BRU - CGK

2 stops26h 25mChina Eastern

Deal found 8/6Rp 17,354,566

One-way flights from Jakarta to Ghent
Search for one-way flight options from Jakarta to Ghent. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 10 June 2025.

Mon 16/619.05CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 25mEtihad Airways

Deal found 8/6Rp 5,736,106

Mon 16/615.50CGK - BRU

2 stops34h 30mIndiGo

Deal found 8/6Rp 5,784,856

Sun 15/600.45CGK - BRU

2 stops36h 30mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 8/6Rp 6,239,844

Mon 22/918.30CGK - BRU

1 stop25h 10mQatar Airways

Deal found 9/6Rp 6,499,838

Wed 20/800.45CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 35mEmirates

Deal found 9/6Rp 10,773,481

Sun 3/821.00CGK - BRU

1 stop17h 50mTurkish Airlines

Deal found 9/6Rp 10,935,977

Sat 2/800.05CGK - BRU

1 stop36h 15mCathay Pacific

Deal found 9/6Rp 11,748,456

Sat 16/815.25CGK - BRU

2 stops31h 55mFinnair

Deal found 8/6Rp 11,764,706

Sat 2/800.45CGK - BRU

2 stops43h 00mEgyptair

Deal found 9/6Rp 17,890,802

Sun 23/1120.50CGK - BRU

3 stops41h 30mEthiopian Air

Deal found 9/6Rp 19,515,762

Fri 1/819.20CGK - BRU

3 stops22h 25mSWISS

Deal found 9/6Rp 28,940,526

Wed 27/814.30CGK - BRU

3 stops24h 10mKLM

Deal found 8/6Rp 45,953,852

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Jakarta to Ghent that are best for you.

Fly from

Fly to

Route

Depart

Return

Price

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Thu 11/9

22.00-07.30

1 stop38h 30m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Mon 29/9

06.10-07.55

1 stop20h 45m

Rp 11,293,468

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Tue 9/9

01.10-14.35

1 stop18h 25m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Tue 30/9

15.05-09.50

1 stop37h 45m

Rp 11,407,215

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Wed 10/9

00.45-07.30

1 stop35h 45m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Mon 29/9

10.55-09.35

1 stop17h 40m

Rp 11,618,460

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Fri 10/10

21.00-13.25

1 stop21h 25m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Sun 26/10

07.50-18.00

1 stop28h 10m

Rp 11,683,458

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Mon 8/9

18.35-07.25

1 stop17h 50m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Tue 30/9

09.00-07.30

1 stop17h 30m

Rp 11,975,951

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Thu 9/10

19.30-09.40

2 stops19h 10m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Sun 26/10

10.45-18.10

2 stops25h 25m

Rp 13,795,905

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Wed 10/9

14.20-07.20

1 stop22h 00m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Sun 28/9

08.30-13.10

2 stops23h 40m

Rp 14,267,143

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Sat 13/9

00.45-19.20

1 stop23h 35m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Thu 2/10

15.20-15.40

1 stop19h 20m

Rp 14,705,882

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Fri 10/10

19.20-08.50

2 stops18h 30m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Sun 26/10

20.10-23.25

2 stops21h 15m

Rp 14,835,879

JakartaBrussels

CGK - BRU

CGKBRU

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta Intl

Wed 23/7

23.30-07.30

2 stops37h 00m

Brussels Bruxelles-National

Wed 30/7

15.05-22.30

2 stops26h 25m

Rp 17,354,566

Flights are sorted by cheapest return flights first.

Deals found on 8/6

Showing 1-10 of 29 results

Best time to book a flight from Jakarta to Ghent

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Ghent from Jakarta with our price prediction graph.

Estimated return price

Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from Jakarta to Ghent

Rainfall in Ghent by month

In terms of precipitation, rainfall in Ghent ranges from 40.0 - 80.0 inches per month. January is typically the wettest month, when rainfall can reach 80.0 mm. August is typically the driest time to visit Ghent when rainfall is around 40.0 mm.

Temperature in Ghent by month

If weather is an important factor for your trip to Ghent, use this chart to help with planning. For those seeking warmer temperatures, July is the ideal time of year to visit, when temperatures reach an average of 17.0 C. Travellers hoping to avoid the cold should look outside of January, when temperatures are typically at their lowest (around 3.0 C).

Reviews of airlines servicing Ghent

Peruse reviews from past customers who have flown with Emirates, Garuda Indonesia and Singapore Airlines from Jakarta to Ghent to help guide your decision. In addition to providing an overall rating, users have also rated airlines in terms of entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.

Emirates

8.1

Very Good

3,264 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

6.0

Good

Anonymous,Mar 2025

DXB - BCN

One person Mr Chopra was great. Constantly trying to manage a lot with a smile. Others not so great. The forgot meals on some tables. Service delayed. Experience is going down a bit.

Emirates

8.1

Very Good

3,264 reviews

Emirates

8.1

Very Good

3,264 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

6.0

Good

Anonymous,Mar 2025

DXB - BCN

One person Mr Chopra was great. Constantly trying to manage a lot with a smile. Others not so great. The forgot meals on some tables. Service delayed. Experience is going down a bit.

Garuda Indonesia

8.1

Very Good

76 reviews

Emirates

8.1

Very Good

3,264 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

6.0

Good

Anonymous,Mar 2025

DXB - BCN

One person Mr Chopra was great. Constantly trying to manage a lot with a smile. Others not so great. The forgot meals on some tables. Service delayed. Experience is going down a bit.

Singapore Airlines

8.1

Very Good

1,302 reviews

Emirates

8.1

Very Good

3,264 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

6.0

Good

Anonymous,Mar 2025

DXB - BCN

One person Mr Chopra was great. Constantly trying to manage a lot with a smile. Others not so great. The forgot meals on some tables. Service delayed. Experience is going down a bit.

KLM

7.8

Good

1,355 reviews

Emirates

8.1

Very Good

3,264 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

6.0

Good

Anonymous,Mar 2025

DXB - BCN

One person Mr Chopra was great. Constantly trying to manage a lot with a smile. Others not so great. The forgot meals on some tables. Service delayed. Experience is going down a bit.

Austrian Airlines

7.6

Good

801 reviews

Emirates

8.1

Very Good

3,264 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

6.0

Good

Anonymous,Mar 2025

DXB - BCN

One person Mr Chopra was great. Constantly trying to manage a lot with a smile. Others not so great. The forgot meals on some tables. Service delayed. Experience is going down a bit.

Related info for your journey

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Jakarta to Ghent one-way?
For one-way options, check prices for Etihad Airways. According to our data, you can fly for as low as Rp 5,736,106. Users have also found prices from Rp 5,784,856 and Rp 6,499,838 on IndiGo and Qatar Airways, respectively.
Can I find deals for flights from Jakarta to Ghent that include hotel bookings?
Yes. In addition to deals on Jakarta to Ghent flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.
How can I find direct flights from Jakarta to Ghent?
After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Jakarta to Ghent.
Can I find deals for business class flights from Jakarta to Ghent?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

See more FAQs

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Complete your trip

Brussels Bruxelles-National Airport car hire

Charleroi Brussels Airport car hire

Antwerp Deurne Airport car hire

Ostende-Bruges Airport car hire

Liège Bierset Airport car hire

Top 3 airlines flying from Jakarta to Ghent

Airline	Cheapest	Average	Flexibility	On-time
Etihad Airways	CheapestRp 10,047,774	AverageRp 14,331,329	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time75%	Search Etihad Airways flights
Turkish Airlines	CheapestRp 11,296,393	AverageRp 12,149,659	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time77%	Search Turkish Airlines flights
Qatar Airways	CheapestRp 11,906,402	AverageRp 14,229,769	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time68%	Search Qatar Airways flights

Fly with Cheapflights

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Jakarta to Ghent?

Cheapflights helps you search for flights from Jakarta to Ghent via 900+ travel sites so you don’t have to. After performing a flight search, users can also filter their flight selection by filtering for price, number of stops, airlines, and so on.

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Jakarta to Ghent?

Cheapflights helps you find that perfect flight to Ghent from Jakarta by searching from hundreds of airlines and agencies you know and love. We are also free to use, in case you were wondering!

Can Cheapflights find flights from Jakarta to Ghent with no change fees?

Users can book flights with no change fees policies with our dedicated filters. Book flights from Jakarta to Ghent flexibly with Cheapflights today.

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Jakarta to Ghent become cheaper?

Yes, Cheapflights has a feature called Price Alert, which notifies users when flight prices change. Track prices for your flight to Ghent from Jakarta today and book when prices fit your budget.

100% Free

Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.

Book with Flexibility

Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees

Travel Smart

Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.

Cheap flights from Jakarta, Indonesia to Ghent from Rp 5,736,106

This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 16/6. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.

Cheap flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent

Keep the following information in mind while searching for Jakarta to Ghent flight deals. Data was last updated 10 June 2025.

Round-trip from

One-way from

Popular in

Cheapest in

Average price

Find flight deals from Jakarta to Ghent

Cheapest flights from Jakarta to GhentExplore the most affordable flight options available from Jakarta to Ghent. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 June 2025.

Explore the most affordable flight options available from Jakarta to Ghent. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 June 2025.

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Jakarta to Ghent that are best for you.

Best time to book a flight from Jakarta to Ghent

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Ghent from Jakarta with our price prediction graph.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from Jakarta to Ghent

Rainfall in Ghent by month

Plan your trip to Ghent by taking into account the average rainfall totals by month.

Temperature in Ghent by month

Plan your trip to Ghent by taking into account the average temperature totals by month.

Reviews of airlines servicing Ghent

Get insights into the airlines that provide service to Ghent. Read reviews, discover amenities, and learn about the overall travel experience offered by airlines. Use this information to make informed decisions when choosing an airline for your flight to Ghent. Reviews last updated 10 June 2025.

Related info for your journey

Find useful and relevant information for your journey from Jakarta to Ghent. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Jakarta to Ghent one-way?

Can I find deals for flights from Jakarta to Ghent that include hotel bookings?

How can I find direct flights from Jakarta to Ghent?

Can I find deals for business class flights from Jakarta to Ghent?

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.

Complete your trip

Complete your trip to Ghent by adding a car rental and/or hotel reservation to your travel itinerary.

Top 3 airlines flying from Jakarta to Ghent

Fly with Cheapflights

Find the best flight deals on Cheapflights, where travellers can enjoy low prices and a wide availability of flights to their desired destinations.

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Jakarta to Ghent?

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Jakarta to Ghent?

Can Cheapflights find flights from Jakarta to Ghent with no change fees?

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Jakarta to Ghent become cheaper?

100% Free

Book with Flexibility

Travel Smart

Cheapest flights from Jakarta to Ghent
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Jakarta to Ghent. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 June 2025.